Cách sử dụng – phân biệt cấu trúc either và neither

Cấu trúc “Neither…nor…” và “Either…or…’’. Khi học tập hay luyện thi tiếng Anh các bạn sẽ thường xuyên gặp phải cấu trúc “Neither…nor…” và “Either…or…’’. Vậy hai cấu trúc này là gì? và cách sử dụng của chúng như thế nào? Chia động từ ra sao? Các bạn hãy cùng giải đáp những thắc mắc này qua bài viết dưới đây của tienganhduhoc.vn nhé.

1. Định nghĩa

Neither…nor và either…or được dùng nhiều trong giao tiếpNeither…nor và either…or được dùng nhiều trong giao tiếp
Neither…nor và either…or được dùng nhiều trong giao tiếp

1.1. Cấu trúc “Neither…nor”

Cấu trúc Neither…nor được dùng để diễn tả ý nghĩa phủ định “không…cũng không”.

Neither Danh từ Nor Danh từ
Đại từ Đại từ

Ví dụ:

  • Neither I nor you are right. (Tôi không đúng, bạn cũng không đúng.)
  • Mr. Hung likes neither wine nor beer. (Ông Hùng không thích rượu cũng không thích bia.)
  • Neither Lan nor Mai is his girlfriend. (Cả Lan và Mai đều không phải bạn gái anh ta.)
Xem bài viết được quan tâm nhất:
Cách đặt câu hỏi với which/ how/ whose/ what trong tiếng AnhBảng cách chuyển đổi từ loại trong Tiếng Anh – có bài tập đáp án ví dụ
Tân ngữ là gì trong tiếng Anh và cách sử dụng chi tiết

1.2. Cấu trúc “either…or…”

Cấu trúc “Either…or…” mang nghĩa là “hoặc…hoặc…”. Cấu trúc này dùng để khẳng định khả năng có thể xảy ra đối với một trong số hai đối tượng được nói tới (hoặc là xảy ra với đối tượng thứ nhất hoặc là xảy ra với đối tượng thứ hai).

Neither Danh từ Nor Danh từ
Đại từ Đại từ

Ví dụ:

  • Hung wants to ask either you or me to help him repair his computer. (Hùng muốn nhờ bạn hoặc tôi giúp anh ấy sửa cái máy vi tính.)
  • Either her parents or she is invited to the party tonight. (Cô ấy hoặc cha mẹ cô ấy được mời dự tiệc tối nay).

Lưu ý

  • Khi trong câu có cấu trúc này thì động từ phải chia theo danh từ đi sau or hoặc nor. Nếu danh từ đó là số ít thì động từ chia ở ngôi thứ ba số ít và ngược lại.
  • Nếu or hoặc nor xuất hiện một mình trong câu (không có either hoặc neither) thì cũng áp dụng quy tắc như trên: căn cứ theo danh từ theo sau nó để chia động từ.

2. Cấu trúc “Neither…nor” và “Either..or”

Either/neither + danh từ + or/nor + danh từ số ít + động từ số ít …

Either/neither + danh từ + or/nor + danh từ số nhiều + động từ số nhiều …

Ví dụ:

  • Either John or Bill is going to the beach today. (Hôm nay, hoặc John hoặc là Bill sẽ đến bãi biển.)
  • Either John or his friends are going to the beach today. (Hôm nay, John hoặc các bạn của anh ta sẽ đến bãi biển.)
  • Neither the boys nor Carmen has seen this movie before. (Cả những cậu bé và Camen đều chưa từng xem qua phim này trước đây.)
  • Neither John nor his friends are going to the beach today. (Hôm nay, John và các bạn anh ấy đều không đi đến bãi biển.)
  • Neither the director nor the secretary wants to leave yet. (Cả giám đốc và thư ký đều chưa muốn đi.)
Cách sử dụng cấu trúc either và neitherCách sử dụng cấu trúc either và neither
Cách sử dụng cấu trúc either và neither

3. Lưu ý cách dùng 

Lưu ý khi sử dụng cấu trúc “Neither…nor” và “Either…or”

Các cấu trúc “neither…nor…”  cấu trúc “either…or…”  liên kết các cặp từ, cụm từ hoặc mệnh đề giữ chức năng ngữ pháp tiếng anh tương đương nhau. 

3.1. Các danh từ giữ chức năng tân ngữ trong câu

Ví dụ:

  • He drinks neither beer nor wine. (Anh ấy không uống bia cũng không uống rượu.)
  • He eats either bread or noodles for breakfast. (Anh ấy thường ăn sáng với bánh mì hoặc mì.)

3.2. Các động từ giữ chức năng vị ngữ trong câu

Ví dụ:

  • He neither drinks alcohol nor smokes. (Anh ấy không uống rượu mà cũng không hút thuốc.)
  • Lan either stays at home or goes out with his friends. (Lan hoặc là ở nhà hoặc là ra ngoài với các bạn.)

3.3. Các tính từ giữ chức năng tân ngữ trong câu

Ví dụ:

  • He must be either mad or drunk. (Anh ấy có lẽ hoặc là bị điên hoặc là bị say rượu.)
  • They were neither sad nor disappointed with their exam results. (Họ không buồn cũng không thất vọng với kết quả kì thi.)

3.4. Với các mệnh đề

  • Either you go out of my house or I will call the police. (Hoặc là bạn ra khỏi nhà hoặc là tôi sẽ gọi cảnh sát.)
  • Neither they invited me to the party nor I want to go there. (Họ không mời tôi đến dự tiệc mà tôi cũng không muốn đến đó.)

4. Phân biệt “Neither…nor” và “Either…or”

Phân biệt giữa cấu trúc "Neither...nor" và "Either..or"Phân biệt giữa cấu trúc "Neither...nor" và "Either..or"
Phân biệt giữa cấu trúc “Neither…nor” và “Either..or”

4.1. Với either … or hoặc neither … nor khi đứng ở vị trí chủ ngữ

Nếu either …or hoặc neither … nor đứng ở vị trí chủ ngữ thì động từ sẽ chia theo chủ ngữ thứ hai (đứng sau or). 

Ví dụ:

  • Either you or I am right. (Hoặc tôi đúng hoặc bạn đúng.) 
  • Neither you nor I am right. (Tôi chẳng đúng và bạn cũng không.) 
  • Neither Lyn nor her boyfriend knows that they’ve got the highest score. (Cả Lyn và bạn trai của của ấy đều không biết là họ đạt điểm cao nhất.) 

4.2. Chuyển đổi giữa Either … or và Neither … nor

Neither … nor = Not either … or

Ví dụ 1: 

Neither Kien nor Thai passed the exam last year.

=> Not either Kien or Thai passed the exam last year. 

Một cách dùng thông dụng hơn là  dùng cấu trúc: “and … not … either”. 

Ví dụ, chúng ta cùng chuyển tiếp câu về Kiên và Thái ở trên. 

=> Kien didn’t pass the exam last year and Thai didn’t either.

Tuyệt đối không sử dụng: “Thai didn’t also!” nhé!

Ví dụ 2: 

My father doesn’t like either coffee or tea. 

=> My father likes neither coffee nor tea. 

Khi either hoặc neither đứng một mình

Neither đứng một mình

Khi neither đứng một mình thì câu sẽ mang nghĩa phủ định. Cụ thể thì:, còn neither mang nghĩa là không đối tượng nào trong 2 đối tượng được nhắc đến. 

Trường hợp này, danh từ (đại từ) ở phía sau neither và either ở dạng số ít và động từ phía sau sẽ được chia theo chủ ngữ. 

Ví dụ:

  • Neither parent came to pick him up. (The mother didn’t come and the father didn’t come.)
  • Neither shirt fits me. (There are two shirts and not one of them fits me.)
Either đứng một mình 

Trong trường hợp này thì vẫn mang nghĩa phủ định và either sẽ mang nghĩa là một trong những đối tượng nhắc đến. danh từ (đại từ) ở phía sau either ở dạng số ít và động từ phía sau sẽ được chia theo chủ ngữ. 

  • Either person in this class is under 15. (Một trong số những người ở trong lớp này dưới 15.) 
  • Either cat is mine. (Một trong số những con mèo là của tôi.)

5. Bài tập áp dụng – Đáp án

Xem thêm các dạng bài tập khác tại đây nhé:
Bài tập và đáp án thì tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn – cách dùng đơn giản
Bài tập thì tương lai đơn có đáp án & Công thức cách dùng dễ hiểu
Công thức dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ đơn – Bài tập có đáp ánBài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn – Cách dùng công thức đơn giản
  1. In this match, you _______ win _______ lose. It depends on you.
  2. _______ Kai  _______ Luke will help you with your homework. They are both busy right now.
  3. This is my final offer. You _______ take it _______ leave it.
  4. When I go to Billie restaurant, I will eat _______ beef _______ roast chicken. Both are my favorites.
  5. His mother believed _______ his husband _______ his friend. She thought that both were lying.
  6. I need _______ your help _______ your compassion. I can perfectly handle my work all alone.
  7. _______ Zed _______ Lucy will write the report. Just ask one of them.
  8. _______ you return the stuffs you had stolen _______ I’ll call the cop.
  9. My grandmother can _______ read _______ write. She is illiterate.
  10. You can use _______ this phone _______ the other one. Someone must fix them first.

Đáp án:

  1. Either …or
  2. Neither … nor
  3. Either … or
  4. Either … or
  5. Neither … nor
  6. Neither … nor
  7. Either … or
  8. Either … or
  9. Neither … nor
  10. Neither … nor

Trên đây là toàn bộ các nội dung về cách sử dụng – phân biệt cấu trúc either và neither,hy vọng với những chia sẻ bổ ích của tienganhduhoc.vn sẽ giúp ích cho các bạn trong việc sử dụng thành thạo hai cấu trúc này nhé.

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