Giáo án bài Bài học đường đời đầu tiên (Tô Hoài) – Giáo án Ngữ văn lớp 6

Tải word giáo án: Bài học đường đời đầu tiên (Tô Hoài)

1. Kiến thức

– Hiểu được nội dung, ý nghĩa Bài học đường đời đầu tiên, thấy được nét đặc sắc của ngòi bút Tô Hoài trong cả hai phương thức miêu tả và kể chuyện.

2. Kĩ năng

– Rèn kĩ năng đọc truyện đồng thoại, đọc lời đối thoại phù hợp với tính cách các nhân vật, tả vật.

3. Thái độ

– Bồi dưỡng tình yêu thiên nhiên, yêu thế giới loài vật.

1. Giáo viên +Sách giáo viên và sách thiết kế bài giảng .

2. Học sinh Sgk + Để học tốt ngữ văn T2

1. Ổn định tổ chức

Kiểm tra sĩ số :

2. Kiểm tra

Kiểm tra sự chuẩn bị của HS về tóm tắt tác phẩm.

3. Bài mới

Trên thế giới và nước ta có những nhà văn nổi tiếng gắn bó cả cuộc đời viết của mình cho đề tài trẻ em – 1 trong những đề tài khó khăn và thú vị bậc nhất. Tô Hoài là 1 trong những tác giả như thế. Truyện đồng thoại đầu tay của Tô Hoài : “Dế Mèn phiêu lưu kí” (1941) là 1 trong những tác phẩm nổi tiếng ngày hôm nay chúng ta sẽ được tìm hiểu.

4. Củng cố, luyện tập

– Suy nghĩ của em về bức chân dung tự hoạ của Dế Mèn ?

5. Hướng dẫn học ở nhà

– Học bài cũ.

– Soạn tiếp các câu hỏi còn lại.

Xem thêm các bài soạn Giáo án Ngữ văn lớp 6 chuẩn khác:

Hoạt động của GV và HS Kiến thức cần đạt

Hoạt động 1: Hướng dẫn học sinh đọc và tìm hiểu chú thích.

GV hướng dẫn HS cách đọc:

– Đoạn: Dế Mèn tự tả chân dung mình đọc với giọng hào hứng, kiêu hãnh, to, vang, chú nhấn giọng ở các tính từ, động từ miêu tả.

– Đoạn trêu chị Cốc:

+ Giọng Dế Mèn trịch thượng khó chịu.

+ Giọng Dế choắt yếu ớt, rên rẩm.

+ Giọng chị Cốc đáo để, tức giận.

– Đoạn Dế Mèn hối hận đọc giọng chậm, buồn, sâu lắng và có phần bị thương.

– 2 HS đọc, mỗi em một đoạn.

– Nêu những hiểu biết của mình về tác giả Tô Hoài?

– Nêu hiểu biết cả em về tác phẩm “Dế Mèn phiêu lưu kí”

I. Đọc và tìm hiểu chú thích.

1.Đọc

2. Chú thích:

a, Tác giả, tác phẩm:

* Tác giả:

– Tên khai sinh là Nguyễn Sen sinh 1920, huyện Hoài Đức, Hà Đông. Tự học mà thành tài.

– Ông có khối lượng tác phẩm phong phú: Dế Mèn phiêu lưu kí, Đàn chim gáy, Vợ chồng A Phủ…

* Tác phẩm:

– Dế mèn phiêu lưu kí là tác phẩm nổi tiếng đầu tiên của Tô Hoài, được sáng tác lúc ông 21 tuổi

– Thể loại của tác phẩm là kí nhưng thực chất vẫn là một truyện “Tiểu thuyết đồng thoại” một sáng tác chủ yếu là tưởng tượng và nhân hoá

– Đây là tác phẩm văn học hiện đại lại nhiều lần nhất được chuyển thể thành phim hoạt hình, múa rối được khán giả, độc giả nước ngoài hết sức hâm mộ.

b. Từ khó: Sgk.

Hoạt động 2: Hướng dẫn học sinh đọc hiểu văn bản.

– Văn bản có thể được chia làm mấy phần? Nội dung từng phần?

– Đoạn trích gồm mấy sự việc chính? Trong các sự việc trên đâu là sự việc nghiêm trọng nhất?

– Xác định ngôi kể của truyện?

– GV: Gọi HS đọc đoạn 1

– HS đọc

– Khi xuất hiện ở đầu câu chuyện, Dế Mèn đã là “một chàng Dế thanh niên cường tráng”. Chàng Dế ấy đã hiện lên qua những nét cụ thể nào về:Hình dáng?

– HS theo dõi SGK và trả lời

– Cách miêu tả ấy gợi cho em hình ảnh Dế Mèn như thế nào?

– HS trao đổi cặp

– Dế Mèn lấy làm “hãnh diện với bà con về vẻ đẹp của mình”. Theo em Dế Mèn có quyền hãnh diện như thế không?

– HS trả lời: có vì đó là tình cảm chính đáng; không vì nó tạo thành thói kiêu ngạo hại cho Dế Mèn sau này.

– Tìm những từ miêu tả hành động và ý nghĩ của Dế Mèn trong đoạn văn?

– HS suy nghĩ và trả lời

– Qua hành động của Dế Mèn, em thấy Dế Mèn là chàng Dế như thế nào?

– Thay: Cường tráng = khoẻ mạnh, to lớn

Cà khịa= gây sự

Và rút ra nhận xét về cách dùng từ của tác giả?

– Nhận xét về trình tự miêu tả của tác giả

– Em hãy nhận xét về những nét đẹp và chưa đẹp trong hình dáng và tính tình của Dế Mèn?

II. Đọc hiểu văn bản:

1. Tìm hiểu chung:

a.Bố cục: 2 đoạn

– Đoạn 1: Từ đầu đến “Đứng đầu thiên hạ rồi” => Miêu tả hình dáng, tính cách của Dế Mèn.

– Đoạn 2: Còn lại => Kể về bài học đường đời đầu tiên của Dế mèn.

b. Các sự việc:

– 3 sự việc chính:

+ Dế Mèn coi thường Dế Choắt

+ Dế Mèn trêu chị Cốc dẫn đến cái chết của Dế Choắt.

+ Sự ân hận của Dế Mèn.

– Sự việc: Dế Mèn trêu chị Cốc dẫn đến cái chết của Dế Choắt là sự việc nghiêm trọng nhất.

c. Ngôi kể:

– Truyện được kể bằng lời của nhân vật Dế Mèn, kể theo ngôi thứ nhất.

2. Phân tích:

a. Bức chân dung tự hoạ của Dế Mèn:

*. Ngoại hình:

– Càng: mẫm bóng

– Vuốt: cứng, nhọn hoắt, đạp phành phạch

– Cánh: áo dài chấm đuôi

– Đầu: to, nổi từng tảng

– Răng: đen nhánh, nhai ngoàm ngoạp

– Râu: dài, uốn cong

=> Chàng Dế thanh niên cường tráng, rất khoẻ, tự tin, yêu đời và rất đẹp trai.

* Hành động:

– Đi đứng oai vệ, làm điệu, nhún chân, rung đùi

– Quát mấy chị cào cào, đá ghẹo anh gọng vó

– Đạp phanh phách, vũ phành phạch, nhai ngoàm ngoạm, trịnh Trọng vút râu…

– Tưởng mình sắp đứng đầu thiên hạ.

=> Quá kiêu căng, hợm hĩnh, không tự biết mình.

=> Từ ngữ chính xác, sắc cạnh.

– Trình tự miêu tả: từng bộ phận của cơ thể, gắn liền miêu tả hình dáng với hành động khiến hình ảnh Dế Mèn hiện lên mỗi lúc một rõ nét

* Tóm lại:

– Nét đẹp trong hình dáng của Dế Mèn là khoẻ mạnh, cường tráng, đầy sức sống, thanh niên; về tính nết: yêu đời, tự tin.

– Nét chưa đẹp: Kiêu căng, tự phụ, hợm hĩnh, thích ra oai…

– Nghệ thuật: Nhân hoá, sử dụng từ ngữ.

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